Barcelona: Capital of overtourism – and tourismophobia

Barcelona is now the city with the highest tourist density in the world, according to a study by Nomad eSIM. As it is characteristically reported, the density of visitors in Barcelona even exceeds the Colosseum in Rome or the Great Wall of China.

With more than 20.37 million visitors per year and a density of 201,722 tourists per square kilometer, Barcelona leaves behind destinations such as Cancun (147,887), Porto (143,902), and New York (137,712). But the price of this success is increasingly visible: a strong tourismophobia permeates the daily lives of residents.

When the love of visitors becomes a burden for locals

Tourismophobia – the negative attitude towards mass tourism – is not a new concept for Barcelona, ​​but in recent years it has become more intense. Residents report that they are avoiding entire neighborhoods of the city, such as the Gothic Quarter, the beach, Plaça Catalunya, and, of course, the city’s landmark monument, the Sagrada Familia.

“We are going around in circles to avoid the center,” many say. Daily life seems to be a constant avoidance of tourist spots. Some residents are calling for stricter measures to limit the flow of people and to strengthen local businesses that are being displaced by tourist-oriented businesses.

The consequences of overtourism: from noise to cultural degradation

In 2025, protests increased, highlighting the strain on the city’s resources and the sense of loss of cultural identity. Beyond the obvious consequences – traffic congestion, queues, noise, increased rents, and litter – there are also less visible effects.

According to a survey by Evaneos, 4 in 10 residents of tourist areas believe that tourist rentals are displacing locals, while the majority express the opinion that hotspots are too crowded.

The disruption of social cohesion and the deterioration of the authentic experience may, experts say, damage Barcelona’s long-term attractiveness as a destination.

The other side of the coin: Tourism as a driver of growth

Despite the problems, one cannot ignore the economic importance of tourism. According to Turespaña, the tourism sector employed over 2.9 million people in Spain in April 2025, while almost 100,000 new jobs were created.

As a senior official at UN Tourism points out, tourism contributes significantly to wealth creation, cultural exchange, and social mobility – elements that cannot be ignored in the public debate.

Travel trends are changing: Tourists are avoiding crowds

The pandemic also seems to have changed the way we travel. According to the Simon-Kucher Travel Trends 2025 survey, 29% of travelers in Spain have already modified or canceled plans due to overtourism, while 63% say they will avoid popular destinations in the future.

A similar trend is being recorded in France, where 69% of travelers are now avoiding "busy" places. The new trend favors lesser-known, authentic, and sustainable destinations, with a better distribution of visitors.

What is ultimately causing overtourism?

The European Commission, in its report “Unbalanced Tourism Growth at the Destination Level”, attributes the increase in travel to several factors: the travel habits of millennials, increased life expectancy, higher disposable income, more vacation days, technological progress, and, of course, the development of low-cost airlines.

The combination of these factors has led to a culture of “travel at any cost”, with the result that the balance between visitors and residents is increasingly disturbed.

The challenge of the next day

Barcelona has become a symbol of the challenges of modern tourism. The debate is no longer just about attracting more visitors, but also about managing them sustainably. If a balance is not found, not only is the quality of life of the residents at risk, but also the very future of the city as an emblematic destination.

The big challenge in the coming years will be the transition from mass-scale tourism to balanced, integrated, and socially acceptable tourism.